Centipedes and Millipedes

Are you having issues with centipedes or millipedes? While not destructive creatures, these multi-legged arthropods can still be frustrating to deal with. Learn everything you need to know to get rid of them.

What Are Centipedes and Millipedes?

Centipedes and millipedes are both arthropods belonging to the subphylum Myriapoda, but they are distinct groups with different characteristics, behaviors, and ecological roles. Here's an overview of each:

Centipedes

• Physical Characteristics: Centipedes are elongated, flattened arthropods with many legs, and they belong to the class Chilopoda. Despite their name ("centi" meaning hundred), centipedes typically have far fewer than 100 legs, with the number of legs varying depending on the species. ‍
• Legs and Segments: Centipedes have one pair of legs per body segment, and the number of segments varies between species. They have a single pair of antennae on their head, which is equipped with venomous claws used to capture and immobilize prey.
• ‍Diet: Centipedes are carnivorous predators that primarily feed on other arthropods, insects, and small invertebrates. They are active hunters and use their claws to inject venom into their prey.

• Habitat: Centipedes are often found in damp, dark environments, such as under rocks, logs, leaf litter, and in soil. They can also be encountered in basements and other areas of human dwellings.
• Behavior: Centipedes are fast-moving and agile hunters. They are mostly nocturnal and use their keen sense of touch and chemoreception to locate prey.
• Venom: While centipedes are not typically dangerous to humans, some larger species may deliver a painful bite that can cause local swelling and discomfort. However, their venom is not generally life-threatening to humans.

Millipedes

• Physical Characteristics: Millipedes belong to the class Diplopoda and are characterized by their long, cylindrical bodies with many segments. They also have many legs, but unlike centipedes, they have two pairs of legs per body segment.
• Legs and Segments: Millipedes can have a large number of legs, often ranging from a few dozen to several hundred, depending on the species. They have two pairs of antennae on their head.
• Diet: Millipedes are primarily herbivores and feed on decaying plant matter, leaf litter, and detritus. They play a vital role in breaking down organic matter and contributing to soil nutrient cycling.
• Habitat: Millipedes are typically found in moist environments, such as forests, gardens, and leafy areas. They prefer decaying plant material and damp soil.
• Defense Mechanism: Millipedes have a unique defense mechanism. When threatened, they can exude a liquid containing toxic or irritating substances, which can deter predators. Some species may also curl up into a tight coil to protect themselves.
• Behavior: Millipedes are generally slow-moving and spend most of their time feeding on decomposing plant material. They are not predators like centipedes.

Are Centipedes and Millipedes Dangerous?

Centipedes and millipedes are generally not considered dangerous to humans in terms of causing serious harm. However, they do have some defensive mechanisms that can lead to mild discomfort or irritation under certain circumstances. Here's a closer look at their potential risks:

Centipedes

• Venomous Bites: Centipedes are equipped with venomous claws located near their heads, which they use to capture and immobilize prey. While most centipede species have venom that is not harmful to humans, some larger species may deliver a bite that can cause local pain, swelling, and discomfort. These bites are typically not life-threatening and are generally less severe than bee or wasp stings.
• Allergic Reactions: In rare cases, individuals may be allergic to centipede venom, which can result in more severe reactions. An allergic response to a centipede bite can include symptoms such as severe swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis. However, such severe reactions are extremely uncommon.

Millipedes

Irritating Secretions: Millipedes have a defense mechanism where they exude a liquid containing substances that can be irritating or toxic to potential predators. This liquid may cause mild skin irritation in some people, resulting in redness, itching, or a burning sensation when in contact with the skin. However, these irritations are generally not serious and can be relieved by washing the affected area with soap and water.

It's important to note that while centipedes and millipedes have these defensive mechanisms, they are not aggressive toward humans and will typically only use them when they feel threatened. Most encounters with these arthropods result in no harm to humans. To avoid any potential discomfort, it's advisable to handle centipedes and millipedes with care and to take precautions when working in areas where they are present.

If you are bitten by a centipede and experience severe pain, swelling, or signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention promptly. For millipede-related skin irritations, wash the affected area with soap and water and consider applying an over-the-counter antihistamine cream to reduce itching and inflammation.

Why Do I Have a Problem With Centipedes and Millipedes?

If you're experiencing issues with centipedes and millipedes in your home or property, several factors could contribute to the problem. Understanding these factors can help you address the issue effectively. Here are some reasons why you might have a problem with centipedes and millipedes:

• Moisture: Centipedes and millipedes are moisture-loving creatures. Excess moisture or damp conditions in and around your home can attract them. Common sources of moisture include leaky pipes, high humidity, or poor ventilation.
• Vegetation and Mulch: If you have a lot of vegetation, dense mulch, or decaying organic matter near your home, it can create an ideal habitat for centipedes and millipedes. They feed on decaying plant material and thrive in such environments.
• Cracks and Crevices: Centipedes and millipedes can enter your home through tiny cracks and openings in walls, foundations, and windows. If your home has many entry points, it can make it easier for these arthropods to access indoor spaces.
• Clutter: Clutter in and around your home can provide hiding places for centipedes and millipedes. They seek shelter in dark, hidden spots during the day and become more active at night. Reducing clutter can limit their hiding spots.
• Lack of Predators: Centipedes and millipedes have a variety of natural predators, such as birds, frogs, and certain insects. If your property lacks these predators, centipede and millipede populations may increase unchecked.
• Landscape Features: Landscaping features like rock walls or decorative stones can create suitable hiding spots for centipedes and millipedes. These arthropods often hide in cracks and crevices during the day.
• Neighboring Infestations: If neighboring properties have centipede and millipede infestations, these pests can migrate to your property in search of food, moisture, or shelter.
• Seasonal Variations: Centipede and millipede activity may vary with the seasons. They may seek shelter indoors during extreme weather conditions or when environmental conditions outdoors become less favorable.

‍

By addressing these contributing factors and taking preventive measures, you can reduce the presence of centipedes and millipedes on your property and inside your home.

Signs of a Centipede/Millipede Invasion

A centipede or millipede home invasion can be unsettling, but there are several signs and indicators that can help you identify their presence. Here are some common signs of a centipede or millipede infestation:

• Sightings: The most obvious sign is the actual sighting of centipedes or millipedes in your home. These arthropods are typically active at night, so you may come across them in dark, quiet areas of your home such as basements, crawl spaces, bathrooms, or garages.
• Dead Specimens: Finding dead centipedes or millipedes indoors is another indicator of their presence. They may die naturally or as a result of exposure to environmental conditions or pesticides.
• Shed Exoskeletons: Like other arthropods, centipedes and millipedes shed their exoskeletons as they grow. These discarded exoskeletons, also known as molts, can be found in areas where these creatures hide.
• Holes or Entry Points: Look for small openings or cracks in walls, foundations, doors, and windows. Centipedes and millipedes can enter homes through these entry points.
• Damp Areas: These arthropods are attracted to moisture. If you have damp or humid areas in your home, such as a wet basement, leaky pipes, or poorly ventilated spaces, they may be more likely to invade.
• Indoor Plants: If you have indoor potted plants, check the soil for centipedes or millipedes, as they sometimes seek refuge in plant pots.
• Damage to Plants: Millipedes, in particular, are herbivores and may feed on plant material. If you notice damage to indoor or outdoor plants, it could be a sign of a millipede infestation.
• Visible Trails: Some species of centipedes and millipedes leave behind visible tracks or trails of excrement or waste materials. These trails can be found on surfaces or along their preferred paths.
• Unusual Odors: In some cases, centipedes and millipedes can emit a faint, musty odor. This odor may become more noticeable in larger infestations.
• Increased Spider Presence: Centipedes are known to prey on spiders. If you have a significant centipede population, you may notice a decrease in the number of spiders in your home.
• ‍

Common Myths About Centipedes and Millipedes?

There are several myths and misconceptions about centipedes and millipedes that can lead to misunderstanding and unnecessary fear. Here are some common myths:

Myth 1: Centipedes Have 100 Legs, and Millipedes Have 1,000 Legs

• Fact: These arthropods are named for their leg count, but the numbers are often exaggerated. Centipedes typically have fewer than 100 legs, and millipedes generally have fewer than 1,000 legs. The actual leg count varies by species.

Myth 2: Centipedes Bite with Their Many Legs

• Fact: Centipedes do not use their legs to bite. They have venomous claws or fangs called forcipules located near their heads that they use to capture and immobilize prey.

Myth 3: Centipedes and Millipedes Are Insects

• Fact: Centipedes and millipedes are not insects; they are arthropods. Insects have three body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen) and typically six legs, while centipedes and millipedes have multiple body segments and many legs.

Myth 4: Millipedes Can "Mill" Grains or Wood

• Fact: Millipedes are herbivores that primarily feed on decaying plant matter, leaf litter, and detritus. They do not "mill" grains or consume wood like some other pests

Myth 5: Centipedes and Millipedes Are Highly Destructive Pests

• Fact: While centipedes and millipedes can be nuisances when they invade homes, they are not typically destructive to structures or property. They do not feed on wood or cause structural damage.

Myth 6: Centipedes and Millipedes Are Always Harmful to Plants

• Fact: Centipedes are carnivorous predators and do not harm plants. Millipedes primarily feed on decaying plant material and detritus, so they may actually contribute to soil enrichment.

Myth 7: Centipedes and Millipedes Can Survive Being Cut in Half

• Fact: Unlike some other organisms like certain types of worms, centipedes and millipedes cannot regenerate into two separate individuals if cut in half. While they may survive injuries to some extent, it is not a reliable or humane method of pest control. Attempting to cut them in half can cause unnecessary harm to these creatures.

Myth 8: Centipedes and Millipedes Lay Eggs in the Ears of Sleeping People

• Fact: This is an urban legend and not based on scientific fact. Centipedes and millipedes do not lay eggs in the ears of sleeping humans.

Understanding the true nature of centipedes and millipedes can help dispel these myths and alleviate unnecessary fear or concerns. While they can be unwelcome intruders in homes, they are generally harmless and play important roles in ecosystems by aiding in the decomposition of organic matter.

How Can I Identify the Species of Centipede or Millipede in My Home or Garden?

Identifying the species of centipede or millipede in your home or garden can be challenging, as there are thousands of species worldwide, each with unique characteristics. However, you can start the identification process by observing and noting key features. Here are some steps to help you identify these arthropods:

• 1. Observe Body Length and Shape
• Note the overall body length and shape. Is it long and slender, or more cylindrical? Centipedes are typically flatter, with elongated bodies, while millipedes are often cylindrical.
• 2. Count the Number of Legs
• Count the number of pairs of legs on each body segment. Centipedes have one pair of legs per segment, while millipedes have two pairs.
• 3. Examine Color and Markings
• Look at the color and markings on the body. Some species have distinctive color patterns or markings that can help with identification.
• 4. Observe Antennae
• Note the presence and shape of antennae. Centipedes have long, thread-like antennae, while millipedes have shorter, club-shaped antennae.
• 5. Check for Eyes
• Determine if the arthropod has eyes and their placement. Centipedes often have well-developed eyes, while millipedes generally have poor vision.
• 6. Assess Appendages Near the Head
• Examine the first few segments near the head. Centipedes have modified legs or appendages near the head, which are used for capturing prey. Millipedes lack these specialized structures.
• 7. Look for Defensive Mechanisms
• Millipedes often have defensive mechanisms, such as glands that produce toxic or irritating secretions. If you see any signs of secretions or the arthropod curling into a spiral, it's likely a millipede.
• 8. Consider Habitat and Behavior
• Take into account where you found the arthropod and its behavior. Some species have specific habitat preferences or behaviors that can provide clues to their identity.

How Do I Get Rid of Centipedes and Millipedes?

Getting rid of centipedes and millipedes in your home typically involves a combination of preventive measures, habitat modification, and, in some cases, targeted treatments. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to get rid of centipedes and millipedes:

• 1. Identify the Source
• Inspect your home to identify areas where centipedes and millipedes are entering or hiding. Look for cracks, gaps, and openings in walls, windows, doors, and foundations.
• 2. Seal Entry Points
• Use caulk or sealant to close gaps and cracks in your home's exterior, especially in areas where these arthropods may enter. Pay attention to the foundation, windows, and doors.
• 3. Reduce Moisture
• Centipedes and millipedes are attracted to moisture. Address any moisture issues in your home, such as fixing leaks, improving ventilation, and using dehumidifiers in damp areas.
• 4. Remove Hiding Places
• Declutter your home and yard to eliminate hiding spots for centipedes and millipedes. Dispose of piles of leaves, wood, and other debris.
• 5. Outdoor Habitat Modification
• Trim vegetation and keep plants away from your home's foundation. Create a dry, gravel or stone barrier between the foundation and any mulch or soil.
• 6. Indoor Cleaning
• Vacuum your home regularly, paying special attention to areas where centipedes and millipedes are often found. Be sure to dispose of the vacuum contents in a sealed bag outside.
• 7. Use Desiccants
• Apply desiccants, such as diatomaceous earth (DE), to cracks and crevices where these arthropods may hide. DE dehydrates and kills them.
• 8. Professional Pest Control
• If your infestation is severe or persistent, consider hiring a professional pest control service. Pest control experts can identify the source of the problem and implement targeted treatments, such as insecticides or other methods, to eliminate the infestation.
• 9. Sticky Traps
• Place sticky traps or glue boards in areas where centipedes and millipedes are commonly seen. These traps can help capture and reduce their numbers.
• 10. Natural Predators
• Encourage natural predators like spiders, birds, and toads in your garden, as they can help keep centipede and millipede populations in check.
• 11. Ongoing Maintenance
• Keep up with regular maintenance and continue to implement preventive measures to avoid future infestations.

If you're unsure about the best approach for your specific situation, or if you have concerns about potential infestations of other pests, consider consulting with a pest control professional for expert advice and assistance.

Looking for Centipede and Millipede Pest Control in West Palm Beach?

If so, you’ve come to the right place. At O’Hara Pest Control, we’ve proudly served the West Palm Beach area for decades. Over that time, our team has dealt with a large variety of pests.

Have any questions about what we can do for you? Would you like to speak with a pest control expert? Please don’t hesitate to contact us today. We’re happy to assist!